Aplastic Anemia

a psychiatrist.ntroduction to aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip

Disease is aplastic anemia or anemia Aloblastaip of the rare cases but it's very dangerous. And affect all ages. And occur as a result of bone marrow failure in the production of various blood cells.
Introduction to aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip
Has blood on various types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. And each type of cell has an important role for the human body. The red blood cells to carry oxygen, white blood cells attack any infection you enter the body, whether bacterial, viral or parasitic, and platelets help blood to clot in the case of the wound and bleeding.

In the case of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip bone marrow stops producing new blood cells and this means lack of oxygen reaching the body, and an increased risk of infection, as well as lack of control over the bleeding when it occurs.

There are several ways to treat such drug therapy, blood transfusions, and bone marrow transplant.

Causes of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip

Cavity contains many of the bones of the body on a red spongy material called bone marrow.
Causes of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip
And bone marrow has the function of the utmost importance it contains cells called stem cells that are the primary cells for the manufacture of other blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Are the production of various blood cells in the bone marrow to enter the bloodstream.
Stem cells
Need bone marrow to produce constantly new blood cells to replace old cells. Every type of blood cell has a life and live and die beyond needs to be compensated rather than by new cells. For example, red blood cells live for 120 days, platelets 7 days, and most of the white blood cells live one day or less. In the normal case the bone marrow to provide the needed numbers of blood cells. In the case of aplastic anemia - anemia occurs Aloblastaip the destruction of the bone marrow, causing a shortage in blood cells that are produced.

And summarized the reasons for the destruction of the bone marrow in the following:

    *

      Exposure to high doses of radiation (during radiation therapy) or chemotherapy in cases of treatment of diseases of cancer. Treatment is chemotherapy or radiation to destroy the cancer cells and does not distinguish between them and the primary cells of the bone marrow shall also destroyed, causing anemia non Tensji - Aloblastaip anemia.
    *

      Exposure to toxic chemicals.
    *

      Use of certain medications such as certain drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis and some types of antibiotics.
    *

      Imbalance in the immune system.
    *

      Genetic factors.
    *

      Unknown reasons. Sometimes the injury occur aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip for unknown reasons and called the poorest non-blood Tensji - Aloblastaip anemia is not known why

Symptoms and diagnosis of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip

Produce aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip from a lack of one or more of the blood cells. And anemia Aloblastaip occur either suddenly or gradually over weeks or months. And without treatment may develop the disease and life-threatening.

The symptoms include the following:

Decrease in the number of red blood cells leads to anemia, causing:

    *

      The general feeling tired.
    *

      Dizziness and headaches.
    *

      Shortness of breath when doing effort.
    *

      Rapid heartbeat. And due to that when there was a shortage of red blood cells increases the heart from pumping blood so that it can compensate for the lack of red blood cells and delivering oxygen to all parts of the body.
    *

      Pale skin color.
     

Decrease in the number of white blood cells leads to:

    *

      Recurrent infections, whether bacterial infection, viral or otherwise.
     

Low number of platelets leads to:

    *

      Bruising in any part of the body without any apparent reason.
    *

      Spots or small red granules under the skin.

      Symptoms of aplastic anemia


      Nosebleeds and bleeding gums.
    *

      Increase the duration of bleeding at a wound infection.

Diagnosis of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip
Are diagnosed with aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip through:

    *

      Analysis of complete blood picture: Shows a severe shortage in the number of red blood cells, white, and platelets.

    *

      A sample of bone marrow:
  
      The doctor uses a thick needle to take a small sample of bone and bone marrow from the hipbone (groin), or any other large greatness in the body. This is done using local anesthetic. The doctor then pathologist examines the sample under the microscope, where a shortage in the number of blood cells than normal.

Treatment of aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip

Severity of the disease ranging from aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip the degree of simple, moderate, or severe (severe). In severe cases of the disease there is a severe shortage in the number of blood cells, which displays the patient's life at risk and need for admission to hospital immediately because the treatment in such cases, the bone marrow transplant. In simple cases of the disease or the medium you do not need to the hospital, and is treated in a blood transfusion and the use of medications.

The methods of treatment are as follows:

Transfusion

Most patients with non-Tensji anemia - anemia Aloblastaip frequent need to transport blood. Are the transfer of red blood cells or platelets or both depending on the status of the disease. And blood transfusion is not considered definitive cure of the disease, it is only offset the decrease in blood cells by bone marrow does not produced and thus controls the symptoms of those cells.

    *

      Red blood cells: the transfer of red blood cells leads to the high number of blood and thus disappear symptoms of anemia and fatigue suffered by the patient. And are selected donor blood group match with the patient's blood. And last cells in the blood of the patient transferred for one month or more.
    *

      Platelets: platelets are collected after separation of donated blood in a certain way is then given to the patient.
    *

      White blood cells: Due to the short life of white blood cells can be difficult to transfer to the patient. Therefore, the patient was an exhibition of infection is not easily found in the blood of white blood cells are sufficient to cope with any infection is exposed.

Inhibitor drugs for the immune system
In some cases, are discouraging the use of drugs for the immune system to treat because it may be the cause of anemia in non-Tensji - Aloblastaip anemia is a disorder of the immune system begins to attack the cells in the bone marrow. When you use these drugs inhibit the activity of the immune system does not affect the bone marrow and bone marrow begins producing new blood cells.

And an example of these drugs are anti-globulin for cells Iemusip -, cyclosporine. And are used next to corticosteroid drugs.

There are some drugs lead to stimulate and activate the bone marrow to produce new blood cells.

Bone marrow transplantation
Is replaced by the bone marrow of the patient bone marrow to another healthy person (donor). The bone marrow transplant is the only option in the successful cases of acute (severe) of disease, aplastic anemia - anemia Aloblastaip. And success rate of more than 50% of the cases where the donor is not a relative of the patient. And when the donor's relatives of the patient increases the chances of successful treatment Between all 5 cases, 4 cases are treated successfully.


When you find a suitable donor is the work of the necessary tests to him. Are exhausted and the patient's bone marrow using radiation or chemical drugs. Will then be taken from the donor bone marrow in a surgical procedure. After that you enter the bone marrow in the blood of the patient through a vein. Flies to the bone marrow cavities of bones and then begins to form new blood cells during 3-4 weeks.
Bone marrow transplantation
You need a bone marrow transplant to stay in the hospital for a long time with taking certain medications that prevent the body rejecting the bone marrow transferred to him.